Increasing diesel costs, shortage of hydro storage lead to talk of shift toward biomass to ease Southeast Alaska’s energy demand
This article appeared in the January 27, 2012 issue of The Juneau Empire.
by Amy Condra
 Michael Penn / Juneau Empire
Wood pellets from Sealaska’s boiler supply are shown in 2009. Water is abundant in Southeast — it falls freely from the sky throughout the summer and fall, filling rivers and creeks that tumble down our mountains, into the lakes, channels and canals, the bays and straits that wind their way throughout the land. Here, this water has sustained humans for thousands of years, providing fish, fur and a means to navigate the region.
And for more than a century it has generated power for homes, offices and industries.
Southeast has a significant number of hydroelectric power projects, and these plants have been a reliable and relatively inexpensive source of locally produced, renewable energy for many of our communities.
But according to a draft of the recently released Southeast Alaska Integrated Resource Plan, while Southeast might have plenty of water to generate hydroelectricity, it is running short of ways to store it.
“We are storage-challenged,” said Dave Carlson, CEO of Southeast Alaska Power Agency and a member of the Advisory Work Group that assisted with the SEIRP. “(The draft plan) identified the problems we know of here, that we had more than a sense were coming. The winter time heating loads have just been skyrocketing.”
Why? Because as heating oil costs have risen dramatically over the past few years, Carlson said, “people have felt it in their pocketbooks, and have decided it’s cheaper to heat with electricity than with oil. It’s a dilemma.”
A closer look at Southeast’s energy use
“I think it’s a fair statement that the energy picture is evolving very fast for everyone in Alaska — and particularly in Southeast Alaska — due to the price of heating oil,” James Strandberg, Project Manager for Alaska Energy Authority, said.
The SEIRP was prepared for AEA by Black and Veatch Corporation, a worldwide engineering firm specializing in power production and transmission, and was funded by a legislative appropriation with additional funding by AEA. The intent of the SEIRP is to chart a regional energy strategy for the next 50 years.
Couple that lives in Last Chance Basin take trestle improvements in stride
This article appeared in the November 25 issue of The Juneau Empire.
by Amy Condra
 Photo by Michael Penn/Juneau Empire Gary Gillette and Renee Hughes at the Last Chance Mining Museum where they have lived for twenty years.
On those Juneau mornings when the snow falls with a denser-than-usual determination, slipping out of the seductive comfort of our sheets and stepping onto a cold floor, into a frosty day, can be a daunting proposition.
For Renee Hughes, the task is especially tough; while many of us dread the short walk from our house to the driveway, she gamely straps on her snowshoes, flicks on her headlamp and braves a 60-minute trek to reach her car.
“When I worked at Gastineau School, people would laugh when I would show up looking haggard,” said Hughes, who works as a substitute teacher at several local schools. “But I’d say, ‘Do you realize that I just spent an hour snowshoeing through the woods, in the dark, so I can get to school?’”
Hughes says that, luckily, some of the work she does for the school district she can do at home.
And when home is an apartment above the Last Chance Mining Museum, situated in the Last Chance Basin at the end of Basin Road, “working remotely” doesn’t just involve a flexible employment schedule; it often entails a geographic reality.
To reach downtown Juneau, Hughes and her husband, Port Engineer Gary Gillette, must hike down Basin Road and across the Basin Road Trestle Bridge.
But during winter storms, they are often snowed in.
“We have enough gear that we know how to get out,” said Hughes. “But it can be hard!”
And even when and if the road is clear this winter, Hughes still won’t be able to drive directly into town: The Basin Road Trestle, which was built in 1936, is undergoing a rehabilitation that began in October and won’t be finished until spring.
In the meantime, no cars are allowed on the bridge.
“They’re totally rebuilding the trestle,” Hughes said. “We’ll be out of commission until May, so basically what we’re going to do is to have a car on one side, and a car on the other. Gary brought in 12 cases of cat food, and a couple hundred pounds of dog food — we stocked up on everything to get wintered in.”
“Everything else we need,” she said, “we’ll drag from one side to the other!”
This isn’t the first time Hughes and Gillette have had to navigate a difficult journey home —when she first moved out to the museum about 20 years ago, they had to cross Gold Creek by boat.
Continue reading Commuting by snowshoe
With a reputation steeped in lore and a history spotted with imperfections, Admiralty Island bruins find refuge, harmony
This article appeared in the August 12 issue of The Juneau Empire
 Photo by Amy Condra, A brown bear sow and two cubs find repose on the banks of Pack Creek on Admiralty Island in July. “We manage Pack Creek so that our human presence is as benign as possible,” said Harry Tullis, U.S. Forest Service Lead Wilderness Ranger for Pack Creek. “We’re just a background to their normal activities.” by Amy Condra
Raindrops drum on the Cessna’s aluminum floats, adding an urgent rhythm to our mission as one by one we ease ourselves out of the plane and into the shallows.
Clad in waterproof jackets and rubber boots we splash to shore, but reaching land doesn’t improve anything as far as the rain goes; there is no shelter as we stand on a gravel bar beneath a lowering sky.
Nobody is complaining, because our attention has been caught by something more compelling than the weather: Someone has spotted a bear.
“Oh my God!” exclaims a young woman in our group, as the rest of us squint and strain to make sense of a blurry shape far ahead of us.
I fumble for my binoculars, scanning the mud flat at Pack Creek.
And there it is: A brown bear walking along the stream’s rocky banks.
The animal moves in a way that seems almost casual. Then suddenly, swiftly, it plunges its paw into the creek; water flies in all directions as the bear pulls out a wriggling pink salmon.
Continue reading Lingering among the brown bears of Pack Creek
This article appeared in the July 14 issue of The Juneau Empire
 Photo by Bobby Miller Performance artist Penny Arcade will be presenting her one-woman show, “The Girl Who Knew too Much,” at the Perseverance Theatre Friday evening and at The Rendezvous Saturday. by Amy Condra
A few weeks ago, Perseverance Theatre’s Artistic Director Art Rotch found out that playwright and performance artist Penny Arcade was coming to Alaska for a visit.
“I was amazed she was going to be in Juneau!” said Rotch. “She usually plays in Sydney, London or New York.”
“Penny, and her genre of work, of drawing on material and creating a show in the moment, is pretty unique,” he added. “She was one of the creators of this type of work.”
Rotch isn’t alone in praising Arcade; when recounting his 10 most influential art experiences to Rolling Stone magazine, singer Jeff Buckley included Penny Arcade in the list.
Newsweek has called Arcade “a wonder to behold;” The Sydney Morning Herald declared “what raises Arcade to the level of greatness is her insight into the collapsing soul of America.”
She was even portrayed by “Sex and the City”’s Cynthia Nixon in a 2009 BBC film, “An Englishman in New York.”
And yet, chances are you’ve never heard of her.
“I don’t get a lot of mainstream press in America, but that makes sense,” said Arcade. “I talk about real stuff.”
Arcade’s shows, which are both autobiographical and observational, blend a spirited enthusiasm for fun (audience members are often encouraged to dance during intermissions) with an unflinching look at how people are, how they live, and how they communicate with each other.
“Penny’s been able to maintain the beautiful anarchy that children exhibit with their natural abandon, sense of adventure, rebelliousness and hatred of authority — until, of course they are socialized,” writes Steve Zehentner in his essay, “In the Trenches with Penny Arcade.”
The essay appears in “Bad Reputation: Performances, Essays, Interviews,” published in 2009 by Semiotext(e). The book celebrates the work and words of Penny Arcade, and also includes scripts from three of Arcade’s performance pieces: “La Miseria,” about growing up in an Italian working-class family in a Connecticut factory town; “Bad Reputation,” about an adolescence plagued by alienation and run-ins with authorities; and her sex and censorship show, about, well, sex and censorship.
What will Arcade be presenting to Juneau audiences?
She says that although she tours around the world, each performance is site-specific.
“This is about connecting with the audience,” said Arcade. “I’ll do some of my character work, some spoken word stuff, and create a show specifically about me being in Juneau.”
This will be Arcade’s first foray to Alaska. She said she is intrigued by a culture that has historically valued individuality.
“I would imagine that there are a lot more highly individualized people living in Juneau than in my East Village neighborhood right now,” said Arcade of her home in New York.
In one of her shows, “New York Values,” Arcade discusses the demise of her city’s identity, of its evolving status as a marketing capital rather than a cultural one, of, for example, wealthy art school students replacing working artists.
“I have a real problem with hipsters; they are a very annoying group of people,” she said. “If you have to live in a publicly sanctioned hip neighborhood to be hip, then you have a problem!”
True individuality is becoming an endangered trait, Arcade said.
“Even though America has always identified itself as a place of rugged individuality, the culture that we live in really doesn’t like individuality,” she said. “Now, even those people who supposedly align themselves with a bohemian or alternative lifestyle, really don’t like people who are highly individual — they all get the same tattoo because they all want to look different-but in the same way that everybody else looks different!”
“If you live in a place like Juneau you’re a little less susceptible because you’re more on the outside of things,” added Arcade. “There’s a reason that people on the outside of society see things more clearly — it’s because they’re in a better position to observe them.”
Arcade’s performing career was launched from the outside of mainstream culture in the late 1960s, from the New York stage of John Vaccaro’s Playhouse of the Ridiculous and the films of Andy Warhol.
Since then she has written and directed 10 full-length works, and is currently at work on several new projects. Her sex and censorship show, created 20 years ago, is being revived for a 2012 run in London’s West End.
While some may consider her outrageous, Arcade believes that she is simply describing the world as she sees and experiences it.
Her willingness to share uncensored glimpses into her experiences, into the family and culture that formed her, is remarkable considering that she was once told to stay silent.
There is a scene from “La Miseria” where Arcade’s brother basically tells her that nobody wants to hear from her; nobody is interested in anything she has to say.
Arcade’s enduring career as a performer indicates that that simply wasn’t, and isn’t, the case.
Arcade is committed to her beliefs, and she is committed to sharing them through her work.
But she admits that sometimes that exposure can be painful to achieve.
“Everyone has an inherent nature,” she said. “My inherent nature is very timid — English is not my first language, I’m immigrant Italian with a working class, peasant background, I wasn’t pumped full of self-esteem as a child — I have that going on as my internal center.”
“I’m very clear on that, that it costs me something to be honest,” she added, noting her role as a performer. “And yet I’m concerned about being pristinely honest, because I have a responsibility to the public to be as articulate and as truthful as I can be.”
Her shows, however, are not didactic; they are developed through improvisation, through interactions with the audience.
This weekend, Arcade’s show, “The Girl Who Knew Too Much,” will be performed in two different settings — at Perseverance Theatre Friday night and at The Rendezvous on Saturday.
Such cooperation between venues is, Arcade said, an effective way to present more art to more people.
“A lot of places talk about the shrinking audience space for live art, leaving the public to have to watch reality television,” she said. “But the more places presenting live art, and the more cooperation among venues, the more possibilities there are to reach the public.”
“One part of the public might be comfortable going to Perseverance Theatre but not to The Rendezvous, and vice versa,” she added.
Arcade is adamant about the role of art in our lives: “The public needs art like they need bread.”
“I believe that we go to the theater to experience that which we are unable or unwilling to experience in real life,” she said. “Going to the theater and seeing a live performance is different from sitting there and watching television; there is an energy that passes between the audience and the performer, and I maintain that during each show I walk a tight rope between the audience and myself.”
•••
Know and go
What: “The Girl Who Knew Too Much,” Penny Arcade performance at Perseverance
When and where: 9:30 p.m. Friday, July 15, at Perseverance Theatre, 914 Third St., Douglas. With no-host bar provided by The Rendezvous.
Details: 463-TIXS
•••
What: “The Girl Who Knew Too Much,” Penny Arcade performance at the Rendezvous
When and where: 9:30 p.m., Saturday, July 16 at The Rendezvous Bar, 184 S. Franklin St.
Details: 586-1270
•••
Tickets to both performances are $12 in advance, $15 at the door. Advance ticket sales to both events available online, at the Juneau Arts & Culture Center, Hearthside Books, or by calling 463-TIXS. Those aged 21 and up must be accompanied by an adult.
This article originally appeared in the June 15 issue of The Juneau Empire
 Photo by Amy Condra, "Supper on the Mendenhall" by Sydney Laurence by Amy Condra
A man carries a bundle of sticks to a fire built on the bank of a river, to a speck of yellow that barely stands out against a darkening streak of sky.
A lone log cabin is seen from a distance that reveals the depth of its solitude; it is surrounded by several Sitka spruce fading into a forest, one that deepens into mountains so vast they range out of view.
Finally, and most frequently, Mount McKinley rises from a swirling mist tinged with purple and blue, looming above the landscape, indifferent to the world below.
The paintings of Sydney Laurence depict an Alaska where nature is big, and people are small.
“That is a place where people are weak and insignificant, where landscapes are large and entirely invulnerable,” said Kesler Woodward, Professor of Art Emeritus at the University of Alaska Fairbanks and author of “Sydney Laurence, Painter of the North.”
Woodward notes that Laurence, who came here at the turn of the last century and became, by the 1920s, a well-known artist in Anchorage and throughout the region, was the first professionally trained painter to make Alaska his longtime home.
Although his work is relatively unknown outside of the Pacific Northwest, the scenes Laurence created can be hard to miss in Alaska; his paintings, and reproductions of those works can be found in museums, in the lobbies of banks and hospitals, and in galleries, gift shops and drugstores throughout the region.
“Because he was such a skilled painter and brought his training and skills to landscapes, his vision dominated not only that of other artists, but of almost everyone who saw his work,” said Woodward, who spoke about Laurence at the Juneau-Douglas City Museum last Wednesday,
Addison Field, Curator of Collections and Exhibits at the city museum, agrees that Laurence’s influence has extended far beyond the realm of art, shaping our perceptions of the Alaska landscape.
“His views documented our history; they became Alaska to us,” Field said.
Challenging Laurence’s vision
Woodward believes that certain themes found in Laurence’s work might be worth a second look.
“The idea of the land being so much more powerful than people, of people not having any effect on the land, can be dangerous,” he said. “We have learned that people can very much affect the landscape.”
Laurence’s model is a stalwart standby for many regional artists, who emulate his romantic images of Alaska as an untamed frontier.
“After Laurence, all of us who make images of Alaska landscapes have to make a choice — either to follow his model, or find models of our own,” Woodward said. “But I and many other contemporary artists are trying to look for other directions. There are as many different attitudes toward the land as there are people painting it. In my own work, I don’t see this as a place to be conquered, or tamed, or in conflict with — I see it as a place we are privileged to live in, a place where we will always be visitors.”
Christine Crooks, a member of the local artists’ group Plein Rein Painters, acknowledged Laurence’s lingering sway over how Alaska is portrayed, and his “in-depth impact” on our perceptions of Alaska.
“These days, we may see all the shows out there about Alaska and think, ‘Oh, no, not another dogsled!’” Crooks said. “In Laurence’s day, there just wasn’t the level of examination of Alaska that there is now. He made the rest of the world aware of Alaska’s beauty, its grandeur.”
Continue reading Laurence’s Alaska: The ‘invulnerable’ landscapes of the painter of the north
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 Photo courtesy of the Great Alaska Bluegrass Band, The Great Alaska Bluegrass Band, with Brooke Munro, left, Scott Burton, Andrew Heist and Jeremy "Junior" Kane, celebrated the release of their new album, Semi-Bluegrass, at The Alaskan Bar in Juneau. This article first appeared in The Juneau Empire on May 26, 2011
by Amy Condra
There is something brave about bluegrass, about the honesty of a group of musicians who stand up on a stage, before a crowd, with nothing but their instruments and a story to tell.
And when it’s done right, a good bluegrass tune will make your pulse quicken and your blood rise up; it’ll be like a ride down a wild, rushing, twisting river.
What makes bluegrass different from, say, a standard country song?
Think hard-driving rhythms, fast-paced improvisations, and high-pitched vocals that wind up and down the melody like an inquisitive strand of kudzu.
“People ask me, does it have to be so fast? Well it does for us to get the point across that we’re bluegrass music,” said Jeremy “Junior” Kane, vocalist and banjo-player for The Great Alaska Bluegrass Band (TGABB). “Without the high tenor, the mandolin, the banjo, then it’s bluegrass style… but it’s not bluegrass.”
And traditional bluegrass, the way it was played back when it began, is what TGABB wants to epitomize, says Kane.
Continue reading Alaska band stokes Appalachian tradition
This article first appeared in The Juneau Empire on April 14, 2011
 Photo by Amy Condra, From left, playwright Ishmael Hope, director Flordelino Lagundino and composer Edward Littlefield have collaborated on The Reincarnation of Stories, which tells the story of the origin of the killer whale. “I want the play performed as an elder, a native storyteller, would perform it," said Lagundino, "so that the audience can actually see a storyteller tell a story in Tlingit.” by Amy Condra
When Ishmael Hope’s grandfather died, his family and friends gathered to pay tribute.
As they stood to share their stories, they spoke in a language that had, for thousands of years, served Alaska’s Native people: They spoke in Tlingit.
“My dad said, ‘Man, when an Elder gets up, and speaks from the heart, that is like soul food,’” said Hope.
When his own father, Andy Hope III, passed away in 2008, Ishmael Hope decided it was time to study Tlingit himself.
According to Sealaska Heritage Institute figures from 2007, Tlingit is spoken fluently in America by only 200 to 400 people, and is considered by many to be an endangered language.
For Hope, learning to speak it is a way to respect those who came before him.
“It truly does empower you to learn the language of your ancestors,” said Hope, who grew up speaking only English. “When you first learn a language, you think it’s just another way to say something. Then you realize that the way you put together thoughts and concepts is related to the language you are using.”
“Language is alive,” he added. “It’s an actual living thing.”
Hope’s previous plays include “Raven Odyssey,” “Cedar House” and “Gunakadeit,” which was performed at the Smithsonian’s National Museum for the American Indian in Washington, D.C.
His newest work, “The Reincarnation of Stories,” opens tonight, and features four actors — Frank Katasse, Edward Littlefield, Erin Tripp and Hope himself — who will perform the story of Naatsilanei, the birth of the killer whale.
They tell the tale in Tlingit, as it was once told by traditional Tlingit artist Willie Marks. While everyone in the cast was raised speaking English, they have also each studied Tlingit.
“It takes a long time to memorize Tlingit,” Hope said. “It can be like pushing a rock up a hill! But everyone in the cast has Tlingit lines.”
Continue reading Reincarnation of Stories: New play, to be performed in Tlingit
This article first appeared in the April 23, 2011 issue of The Juneau Empire
by Amy Condra
 Photo by Amy Condra, Mendenhall Glacier Visitor Center Director Ron Marvin adjusts a telescope that will transmit images of wildlife, such as far away mountain goats, to a 55-inch screen mounted in the visitor center. Across the lake from the Mendenhall Glacier Visitor Center, a mountain goat forges a slow and steady path up a cliff that rises far above the center’s standard vantage point.
“Many of our visitors couldn’t see them,” said the center’s director, Ron Marvin. “So I thought, ‘Wouldn’t it be neat if we could see the goats up on a screen?’”
This summer, it’s possible — telescopes will track these and other animals, and transmit their images, in real-time, to a 55-inch screen.
The screen is one of two that has recently been acquired and mounted by the center, and each will show a variety of graphic
images.
Laurie Craig, an interpreter with the Mendenhall Glacier Visitor Center, said that such updated technologies are playing an unprecedented role at the center.Â
“They provide flexibility and an array of new opportunities for educating our visitors,” Craig said. “With large video monitors that are incredibly clear and brilliant, we can show off historic as well as contemporary photos. The blue ice images are spectacular!”
Continue reading Packing a digital punch
Local biologist hopes to engage community in citizen science
This article first appeared in The Juneau Empire on March 19, 2011
 Courtesy of the National Park Service, California Myotis is one of the five species of bats found in Alaska. by Amy Condra
Fruits and flowers ripen into lush, succulent shades, bodies of water, gleaming and still, trees swaying rhythmically across a sultry twilight — such images are the stuff of holiday brochures and postcards.
These scenes also depict an environment in which most of the world’s 1,000 species of bats live and thrive, where they have everything they need: seeds, insects and a variety of places to roost.
Although 70 percent of bat species choose to live in tropical climates, there are five species that call Southeast home: Keen’s long-eared bat, long-legged myotis, California bat, the silver-haired bat and the little brown bat.
The most common of these is the little brown bat, Myotis lucifugus, which is the only bat species that not only resides here, but also ventures up to Southcentral and Interior Alaska. The little brown bat is about nine centimeters long, with fur ranging from cinnamon to dark brown and ears that, when laid forward, nearly reach the tip of the creature’s nose.
“It’s definitely a stretch for bats to survive and reproduce in this climate,” said Karen Blejwas, a regional biologist based in Juneau. “But obviously, some bat populations have done it.”
Blejwas, who works with the Wildlife Diversity Program at the Alaska Department of Fish and Game, will be presenting “Bats in the Backyard: Flyers in the Forest” this Friday as part of the Mendenhall Glacier Visitor Center’s Fireside Lecture Series.
Continue reading Uncover mysteries of region’s bat species
This article first appeared in the March 10, 2011 issue of The Juneau Empire
 Courtesy of Emily Wall, University of Alaska Southeast Writing Professor Emily Wall read her poetry at the university's Wildlife Wednesday series by Amy Condra
Alaska attracts adventurers, people who come for the tall mountains and the deep rivers, who envision themselves discovering something new even as they lose themselves in an ancient wilderness.
Among these dreamers from down south are the artists who want to capture the less tangible aspects of the quest: An image, a rhythm, a phrase, that will evoke what it means to be here.
But for writers, describing a place so larger-than-the-usual-life can be hard to do; too often, the words and phrases used to convey Alaska’s vastness can dwindle into small stereotypes.
“I grew up in inner-city Portland,” said local poet Emily Wall. “It’s almost easier to write about nature in tiny restricted places. Here, oh my God, where do you start? It’s so large!
Wall, an assistant professor of creative writing at the University of Alaska Southeast, will be reading her poems at next week’s Wildlife Wednesday, a lecture series sponsored by the Alaska Wildlife Alliance, a nonprofit organization committed to the conservation, protection and promotion of our state’s wildlife.
Her presentation is titled “Writing Eden: Looking for Home in the Natural World.” Wall will be reading poems from her previously published book, “Freshly Rooted,” as well as works from a new collection.
Many of the poems in “Freshly Rooted” explore Wall’s experience both as a new wife and a new Alaskan, and were written after she and her husband decided, almost on a lark, to come to Juneau.
They moved here five days after they got married; they planned to stay for a year or so.
But then they fell in love with the place, said Wall, and ended up settling in.
Wall believes many of us are searching for the archetype of Eden, for an unspoiled frontier.
“People will sell everything, will buy a boat and go, looking for that perfect cove where there will be no one but orcas, where they can be alone and content,” Wall said. “That can be very hard to do, to find that — but it’s amazing how many people have that dream.”
Wall’s poems, which often focus on our place in the natural world, recast our perceptions of daily life in Juneau by enticing us with a new take on what many of us see every day.
In her poem “Composition Ravens,” Wall writes, “Three black knives/cleave morning air./Snow has softened the sound/but even driving/beside them, we hear the slicing of wings./One has a bright orange/peel, the other two stroke,/young swimmers, toward/the concrete wall, kick/off at exactly/the right moment,/toward the highway,/guardrail left/quivering and greasy/in their wake.”
Tina Brown, president of the Alaska Wildlife Alliance and coordinator of Wildlife Wednesdays, said she is looking forward to Wall’s reading.
“I have always admired her work,” Brown said. “It’s so good that we want to share it with our community.”
Like Wall, Brown was initially drawn to Juneau because of the town’s proximity to the Alaska wilderness.
“My husband and I would come to Denali to backpack every summer,” said Brown, who moved here from Georgia about five years ago. “One time we came to Juneau for a night, on our way to Denali—it was raining sideways and was 53 degrees, and I said, ‘This is great!’”
Brown believes the character of Juneau’s people enhances its appeal.
“There is no pretense here,” she said. “You can’t tell a person’s occupation or level of education by his or her way of dress, for example — all you have to do here is be yourself.”
Developing a sense of self in relation to a natural landscape is a theme Wall has thought about while editing her work for her new book, “Liveaboard.”
“’Liveaboard’ can be used as a verb and a noun,” said Wall, who lived on a boat with her husband for four years. “It can also be a metaphor for how we live in the natural world, for communities, for issues of faith.”
As liveaboards, Wall and her husband would cruise for 2,000 miles up and down the coast, using a dock in Vancouver as their home base.
The experience taught her that nature’s untamed wildness, its fierce lack of predictability, can actually foster community; sometimes the farther into the wilderness we venture, the more we need other people to help us survive it.
“It’s difficult to dock a boat on a river without help,” said Wall. “When we saw people come into the harbor, there was an immediate connection. You count on people to catch lines, to give accurate information on the weather, on what’s going on out there.”
The need to help, and the desire for support, creates an intimacy that isn’t so common in the Lower 48, says Wall.
“You seldom need your neighbors in suburban America, when you’re just bringing in a bag of groceries,” she said. “Community is the way we live together, and don’t live together.”
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